ASTM E1418-2010 使用可水洗工艺进行可见渗透剂试验的标准实施规程

作者:标准资料网 时间:2024-05-19 21:08:03   浏览:9742   来源:标准资料网
下载地址: 点击此处下载
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforVisiblePenetrantTestingUsingtheWater-WashableProcess
【原文标准名称】:使用可水洗工艺进行可见渗透剂试验的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTME1418-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E07.03
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:nondestructivetesting;visibleliquidpenetranttesting;water-washablemethod;Discontinuities;Engineeringapplications;Liquidpenetration;Metalsandmetallicmaterials;Nondestructiveevaluation(NDE);Nonmetallicmaterials;Nonporousmaterials;P
【摘要】:Liquidpenetrantexaminationmethodsindicatethepresence,location,and,toalimitedextent,thenatureandmagnitudeofthedetecteddiscontinuities.Thispracticeisnormallyusedforproductionexaminationoflargevolumesofpartsorstructures,whereemphasisisonproductivity.Thispracticeoffersawidelatitudeinapplicabilitywhenextensiveandcontrolledconditionsareavailable.1.1Thispracticedescribesproceduresforvisibleliquidpenetrantexaminationutilizingthewater-washableprocess.Itisanondestructivepracticefordetectingdiscontinuitiesthatareopentothesurfacesuchascracks,seams,laps,coldshuts,laminations,isolatedporosity,throughleaksorlackoffusionandisapplicabletoin-process,final,andmaintenanceexamination.Thispracticecanbeeffectivelyusedintheexaminationofnonporous,metallicmaterials,bothferrousandnonferrous,andofnonmetallicmaterialssuchasglazedorfullydensifiedceramics,andcertainnonporousplastics,andglass.1.2Thispracticealsoprovidesthefollowingreferences:1.2.1Areferencebywhichvisiblepenetrantexaminationproceduresusingthewater-washableprocesscanbereviewedtoascertaintheirapplicabilityandcompleteness.1.2.2Foruseinthepreparationofprocessspecificationsdealingwiththevisible,water-washableliquidpenetrantexaminationofmaterialsandparts.Agreementbetweentheuserandthesupplierregardingspecifictechniquesisstronglyrecommended.1.2.3Foruseintheorganizationofthefacilitiesandpersonnelconcernedwiththeliquidpenetrantexamination.1.3Thispracticedoesnotindicateorsuggestcriteriaforevaluationoftheindicationsobtained.Itshouldbenoted,however,thatafterindicationshavebeenproduced,theymustbeinterpretedorclassifiedandthenevaluated.Forthispurposetheremustbeaseparatecode,specification,oraspecificagreementtodefinethetype,size,location,andorientationofindicationsconsideredacceptable,andthoseconsideredunacceptable.1.4Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsareregardedasstandard.SIunitsgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.1.5BasisofApplication8212;Thereareareasinthispracticethatmayrequireagreementbetweenthecognizantengineeringorganizationandthesupplier,orspecificdirectionfromthecognizantengineeringorganization.Theseareasareidentifiedasfollows:1.5.1Penetranttype,methodandsensitivity,1.5.2Accept/rejectcriteria,1.5.3Personnelqualificationrequirements,1.5.4Gritblasting,1.5.5Etching,1.5.6Indication/discontinuitysizing,1.5.7Totalprocessingtime,and1.5.8Markingofparts.1.6Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:A42
【国际标准分类号】:19_040
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


下载地址: 点击此处下载
【英文标准名称】:Electromagneticcompatibility(EMC)-Part3-13:Limits-AssessmentofemissionlimitsfortheconnectionofunballancedinstallationstoMV,HVandEHVpowersystems
【原文标准名称】:电磁兼容性(EMC).第3-13部分:限值.不平衡装置对MV、HV和EHV动力系统的连接用排放限值的评估
【标准号】:IEC/TR61000-3-13-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:2008-02
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际电工委员会(IX-IEC)
【起草单位】:IEC/SC77A
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:评估;不对称的;定义;电气工程;电磁兼容性;EMC;闪光;低压电源;供电系统;非对称;电压波动
【英文主题词】:Assessment;Asymmetrical;Definitions;Electricalengineering;Electromagneticcompatibility;EMC;Flicker;Lowvoltagemains;Powersupplysystem;Unsymmetry;Voltagefluctuations
【摘要】:ThispartofIEC61000providesguidanceonprincipleswhichcanbeusedasthebasisfordeterminingtherequirementsfortheconnectionofunbalancedinstallations(i.e.three-phaseinstallationscausingvoltageunbalance)toMV,HVandEHVpublicpowersystems(LVinstallationsarecoveredinotherIECdocuments).Forthepurposesofthisreport,anunbalancedinstallationmeansathree-phaseinstallation(whichmaybealoadoragenerator)thatproducesvoltageunbalanceonthesystem.Theconnectionofsingle-phaseinstallationsisnotspecificallyaddressed,astheconnectionofsuchinstallationsisunderthecontrolofthesystemoperatororowner.Thegeneralprincipleshowevermaybeadaptedwhenconsideringtheconnectionofsingle-phaseinstallations.Theprimaryobjectiveistoprovideguidancetosystemoperatorsorownersonengineeringpractices,whichwillfacilitatetheprovisionofadequateservicequalityforallconnectedcustomers.Inaddressinginstallations,thisdocumentisnotintendedtoreplaceequipmentstandardsforemissionlimits.Thereportaddressestheallocationofthecapacityofthesystemtoabsorbdisturbances.Itdoesnotaddresshowtomitigatedisturbances,nordoesitaddresshowthecapacityofthesystemcanbeincreased.Sincetheguidelinesoutlinedinthisreportarenecessarilybasedoncertainsimplifyingassumptions,thereisnoguaranteethatthisapproachwillalwaysprovidetheoptimumsolutionforallunbalancedloadsituations.Therecommendedapproachshouldbeusedwithflexibilityandjudgmentasfarasengineeringisconcerned,whenapplyingthegivenassessmentproceduresinfullorinpart.Thesystemoperatororownerisresponsibleforspecifyingrequirementsfortheconnectionofinstallationswhichmaycauseunbalanceonthesystem.Thedisturbinginstallationistobeunderstoodasthecompletecustomer’sinstallation(i.e.includingbalancedandunbalancedparts).Problemsrelatedtounbalancefallintotwobasiccategories.?Unbalancedinstallationsthatdrawnegative-sequencecurrentswhichproducenegativesequencevoltagesonthesupplysystem.Examplesofsuchinstallationsincludearcfurnacesandtractionloads(typicallyconnectedtothepublicnetworkatHV),andthreephaseinstallationswheretheindividualloadsarenotbalanced(typicallyconnectedatMVandLV).Negative-sequencevoltagesuperimposedontotheterminalvoltageofrotatingmachinescanproduceadditionalheatlosses.Negative-sequencevoltagecanalsocausenon-characteristicharmonics(typicallypositive-sequence3rdharmonic)tobeproducedbypowerconverters.?Unbalancedinstallationsconnectedline-to-neutralcanalsodrawzero-sequencecurrentswhichcanbetransferredornotintothesupplysystemdependingonthetypeofconnectionofthecouplingtransformer.Theflowofzero-sequencecurrentsinagroundedneutralsystemcauseszero-sequenceunbalanceaffectingline-to-neutralvoltages.Thisisnotnormallycontrolledbysettingemissionlimits,butratherbysystemdesignandmaintenance.Ungrounded-neutralsystemsandphase-to-phaseconnectedinstallationsarenot,however,affectedbythiskindofvoltageunbalance.
【中国标准分类号】:L06
【国际标准分类号】:33_100_01
【页数】:44P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语